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ES-1 入门 & HTTP API

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Elasticsearch 学习笔记_巨輪的博客-CSDN 博客

索引操作

创建索引

# PUT 创建索引 （重复请求，返回失败，只能创建一次）
http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping
---
{
    "acknowledged": true,//响应结果
    "shards_acknowledged": true,//分片结果
    "index": "shopping"//索引名称
}

查询所有索引

# GET 查询索引
http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v
---
health status index    uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   shopping J0WlEhh4R7aDrfIc3AkwWQ   1   1          0            0       208b           208b

查询单个索引

# GET 查看单个索引
http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping
---
{
    "shopping": {//索引名
        "aliases": {},//别名
        "mappings": {},//映射
        "settings": {//设置
            "index": {//设置 - 索引
                "creation_date": "1617861426847",//设置 - 索引 - 创建时间
                "number_of_shards": "1",//设置 - 索引 - 主分片数量
                "number_of_replicas": "1",//设置 - 索引 - 主分片数量
                "uuid": "J0WlEhh4R7aDrfIc3AkwWQ",//设置 - 索引 - 主分片数量
                "version": {//设置 - 索引 - 主分片数量
                    "created": "7080099"
                },
                "provided_name": "shopping"//设置 - 索引 - 主分片数量
            }
        }
    }
}

删除索引

# DELETE 删除索引
http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping
---
{ "acknowledged": true }

查看索引中，各属性详情：

  • health —— 当前服务器健康状态： green(集群完整) yellow(单点正常、集群不完整) red(单点不正常)|
  • status —— 索引打开、关闭状态
  • index —— 索引名
  • uuid —— 索统一编号
  • pri —— 主分片数量
  • rep —— 副本数量
  • docs.count —— 可用文档数量
  • docs.deleted —— 文档删除状态（逻辑删除）
  • store.size —— 主分片和副分片整体占空间大小
  • pri.store.size —— 主分片占空间大小

文档操作

创建文档

POST 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc
# 发送数据
{
    "title":"小米手机",
    "category":"小米",
    "images":"http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
    "price":3999.00
}
# 接受数据
{
    "_index": "shopping",//索引
    "_type": "_doc",//类型-文档
    "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",//唯一标识，可以类比为 MySQL 中的主键，随机生成
    "_version": 1,//版本
    "result": "created",//结果，这里的 create 表示创建成功
    "_shards": {//
        "total": 2,//分片 - 总数
        "successful": 1,//分片 - 总数
        "failed": 0//分片 - 总数
    },
    "_seq_no": 0,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

创建文档（指定 ID）

# 指定 ID，可以PUT，也可以 POST
http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1
# 发送数据
{
    "title":"小米手机",
    "category":"小米",
    "images":"http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
    "price":3999.00
}
# 接受数据
{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",//<------------------自定义唯一性标识
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 1,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

查询文档

查询单一文档：查看文档时，需要指明文档的唯一性标识，类似于 MySQL 中数据的主键查询。

GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1
# 返回数据
{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 1,
    "_seq_no": 1,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "title": "小米手机",
        "category": "小米",
        "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
        "price": 3999
    }
}

查看不存在的文档

GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1001
# 返回结果
{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "found": false
}

查询所有文档

GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search
# 返回结果
{
    "took": 133,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 3999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

修改文档

修改文档本质上和新增文档是一样的，如果存在就修改，如果不存在就新增。

全量修改：

// POST 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1
---
{
    "title":"华为手机",
    "category":"华为",
    "images":" http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg" ,
    "price":1999.00
}
---
{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 2,
    "result": "updated",//<-----------updated 表示数据被更新
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 2,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

局部修改：修改数据时，也可以只修改某一给条数据的局部信息。

// POST 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_update/1
---
{
	"doc": {
		"title":"小米手机",
		"category":"小米"
	}
}
---
{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 3,
    "result": "updated",//<-----------updated 表示数据被更新
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 3,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

删除文档

删除：删除一个文档不会立即从磁盘上移除，它只是被标记成已删除（逻辑删除）。

// DELETE 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1
---
{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 4,
    "result": "deleted",//<---删除成功
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 4,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

数据搜索

  1. URL 带参数查询
  2. 请求体带参数查询
  3. 带请求体方式的查找所有内容
  4. 带请求体方式的查找指定内容

查询所有文档

// GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search
---
{
    "took": 5,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

匹配查询文档

URL 带参数查询：查找 category 为小米的文档。

// GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search?q=category:小米
---
{
    "took": 94,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.3862942,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

请求体带参查询：查找 category 为小米的文档

// GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search
---
{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"category":"小米"
		}
	}
}
---
结果同上

带请求体方式的查找所有内容：查找所有文档内容

// GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search
---
{
	"query":{
		"match_all":{}
	}
}
---
{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

匹配查询字段

// GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search
---
{
	"query":{
		"match_all":{}
	},
	"_source":["title"]
}
---
{
    "took": 5,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

聚合查询

聚合允许使用者对 es 文档进行统计分析，类似与关系型数据库中的 group by，当然还有很多其他的聚合，例如取最大值 max、平均值 avg 等等。

分组查询

接下来按 price 字段进行分组：

GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
	"aggs":{//聚合操作
		"price_group":{//名称，随意起名
			"terms":{//分组
				"field":"price"//分组字段
			}
		}
	}
}
---
{
    "took": 63,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_group": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": 1999,
                    "doc_count": 5
                },
                {
                    "key": 3999,
                    "doc_count": 1
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

上面返回结果会附带原始数据的。若不想要不附带原始数据的结果，GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
	"aggs":{
		"price_group":{
			"terms":{
				"field":"price"
			}
		}
	},
    "size":0
}
---
{
    "took": 60,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_group": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": 1999,
                    "doc_count": 5
                },
                {
                    "key": 3999,
                    "doc_count": 1
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

平均值

若想对所有手机价格求平均值，GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
	"aggs":{
		"price_avg":{//名称，随意起名
			"avg":{//求平均
				"field":"price"
			}
		}
	},
    "size":0
}
---
{
    "took": 14,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_avg": {
            "value": 2332.3333333333335
        }
    }
}

TopN 查询

ES-1 入门 & HTTP API.png

分页查询

// GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search
---
{
	"query":{
		"match_all":{}
	},
	"from":0,
	"size":2
}
---
{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 3999
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

有序查询

GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search
---
{
	"query":{
		"match_all":{}
	},
	"sort":{
		"price":{
			"order":"desc"
		}
	}
}
---
{
    "took": 96,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 6,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "ANQqsHgBaKNfVnMbhZYU",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 3999
                },
                "sort": [
                    3999
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "A9R5sHgBaKNfVnMb25Ya",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BNR5sHgBaKNfVnMb7pal",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}

多条件查询

假设想找出小米牌子，价格为 3999 元的。（must 相当于数据库的&&）

GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "category": "小米"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "price": 3999.0
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

假设想找出小米和华为的牌子。（should 相当于数据库的||）

GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
            "category": "小米"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "category": "华为"
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "filter": {
      "range": {
        "price": {
          "gt": 2000
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

范围查询

假设想找出小米和华为的牌子，价格大于 2000 元的手机。

GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "should": [
        {
          "match": {
            "category": "小米"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "category": "华为"
          }
        }
      ],
      "filter": {
        "range": {
          "price": {
            "gt": 2000
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

全文检索

这功能像搜索引擎那样，如品牌输入“小华”，返回结果带回品牌有“小米”和华为的。

GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "category": "小华"
    }
  }
}

完全匹配

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
  "query": {
    "match_phrase": {
      "category": "为"
    }
  }
}

高亮查询

GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
	"query":{
		"match_phrase":{
			"category" : "为"
		}
	},
    "highlight":{
        "fields":{
            "category":{}//<----高亮这字段
        }
    }
}
---
{
    "took": 100,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.6931471,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "BtR6sHgBaKNfVnMbX5Y5",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "category": [
                        "华<em>为</em>"//<------高亮一个为字。
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "B9R6sHgBaKNfVnMbZpZ6",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "category": [
                        "华<em>为</em>"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "CdR7sHgBaKNfVnMbsJb9",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": " http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg" ,
                    "price": 1999
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "category": [
                        "华<em>为</em>"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

映射关系

有了索引库，等于有了数据库中的 database。接下来就需要建索引库(index)中的映射了，类似于数据库(database)中的表结构(table)。

创建数据库表需要设置字段名称，类型，长度，约束等；索引库也一样，需要知道这个类型下有哪些字段，每个字段有哪些约束信息，这就叫做映射(mapping)。

先创建一个索引

// PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/user
---
{
    "acknowledged": true,
    "shards_acknowledged": true,
    "index": "user"
}

创建映射

// PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_mapping
---
{
    "properties": {
        "name":{
        	"type": "text",
        	"index": true
        },
        "sex":{
        	"type": "keyword",
        	"index": true
        },
        "tel":{
        	"type": "keyword",
        	"index": false
        }
    }
}
---
{
    "acknowledged": true
}

查询映射

// GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_mapping
---
{
    "user": {
        "mappings": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "sex": {
                    "type": "keyword"
                },
                "tel": {
                    "type": "keyword",
                    "index": false
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

增加映射

// PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_create/1001
---
{
	"name":"小米",
	"sex":"男的",
	"tel":"1111"
}
---
{
    "_index": "user",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 0,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

查找 name 含有”小“数据

// GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search
---
{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"name":"小"
		}
	}
}
---
{
    "took": 495,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "user",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1001",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "小米",
                    "sex": "男的",
                    "tel": "1111"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

查找 sex 含有”男“数据

找不想要的结果，只因创建映射时”sex”的类型为”keyword”，“sex”只能完全为”男的“，才能得出原数据。

// GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search
{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"sex":"男"
		}
	}
}
---
{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 0,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    }
}

查找 sex 含有”男的“数据

// GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search
{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"sex":"男的"
		}
	}
}
---
{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "user",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1001",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "小米",
                    "sex": "男的",
                    "tel": "1111"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

查询电话

报错只因创建映射时”tel”的”index”为 false。

// GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search
{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"tel":"11"
		}
	}
}
---
{
    "error": {
        "root_cause": [
            {
                "type": "query_shard_exception",
                "reason": "failed to create query: Cannot search on field [tel] since it is not indexed.",
                "index_uuid": "ivLnMfQKROS7Skb2MTFOew",
                "index": "user"
            }
        ],
        "type": "search_phase_execution_exception",
        "reason": "all shards failed",
        "phase": "query",
        "grouped": true,
        "failed_shards": [
            {
                "shard": 0,
                "index": "user",
                "node": "4P7dIRfXSbezE5JTiuylew",
                "reason": {
                    "type": "query_shard_exception",
                    "reason": "failed to create query: Cannot search on field [tel] since it is not indexed.",
                    "index_uuid": "ivLnMfQKROS7Skb2MTFOew",
                    "index": "user",
                    "caused_by": {
                        "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
                        "reason": "Cannot search on field [tel] since it is not indexed."
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "status": 400
}

索引模板

我们之前对索引进行一些配置信息设置，但是都是在单个索引上进行设置。在实际开发中，我们可能需要创建不止一个索引，但是每个索引或多或少都有一些共性。比如我们在设计关系型数据库时，一般都会为每个表结构设计一些常用的字段，比如:创建时间，更新时间，备注信息等。elasticsearch 在创建索引的时候，就引入了模板的概念，你可以先设置一些通用的模板，在创建索引的时候，elasticsearch 会先根据你创建的模板对索引进行设置。elasticsearch 中提供了很多的默认设置模板，这就是为什么我们在新建文档的时候，可以为你自动设置一些信息，做一些字段转换等。

索引可使用预定义的模板进行创建,这个模板称作 Index templates。模板设置包括 settings 和 mappingselasticsearch 中提供了很多的默认设置模板，这就是为什么我们在新建文档的时候，可以为你自动设置一些信息，做一些字段转换等。

索引可使用预定义的模板进行创建,这个模板称作 Index templates。模板设置包括 settings 和 mappings。

创建模板

// 模板名称小写
PUT _template/mytemplate
{
	"index_patterns" : [
		"my*"
	],
	"settings" : {
		"index" : {
			"number_of_shards" : "1"
		}
	},
	"mappings" : {
		"properties" : {
			"now": {
				"type" : "date",
				"format" : "yyyy/MM/dd"
			}
		}
	}
}

查看模板

// GET /_template/mytemplate
---
{
	"mytemplate": {
		"order": 0,
		"index_patterns" : [
			"my*"
		],
		"settings" : {
			"index" : {
				"number_of_shards" : "1"
			}
		},
		"mappings" : {
			"properties" : {
				"now": {
					"type" : "date",
					"format" : "yyyy/MM/dd"
				}
			}
		},
		"aliases": {}
	}
}

验证模板存在

HEAD /_template/mytemplate

创建索引

PUT mytest
---
{
	"mytest": {
		"aliases": {},
		"mappings" : {
			"properties" : {
				"now": {
					"type" : "date",
					"format" : "yyyy/MM/dd"
				}
			}
		},
		"settings" : {
			"index" : {
				"routing": {
					"allocation" : {
						"include" : {
							"_tier_preference": "data_content"
						}
					}
				}
				"number_of_shards" : "1"
				// .....
			}
		},
	}
}

删除模板

DELETE /_template/mytemplate

反向链接